Complete Guide to Corporate Litigation in Türkiye for 2026

Corporate litigation in Türkiye has evolved into a sophisticated legal domain that requires specialized expertise and strategic navigation. As businesses expand their operations in one of the world’s most dynamic emerging markets, understanding the intricacies of Turkish commercial dispute resolution becomes essential for protecting corporate interests and ensuring sustainable growth.

At Finlexia Turkish Accounting Firm, we have been guiding domestic and international clients through complex corporate legal challenges since 2017. Our multilingual team in Istanbul combines deep knowledge of Turkish commercial law with international best practices to deliver exceptional results in corporate litigation matters.

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Corporate litigation in Türkiye has become increasingly sophisticated, fast-paced, and strategically significant as businesses operate in a more regulated and competitive environment. In 2026, both domestic and foreign-owned companies must navigate complex commercial disputes under the Turkish Commercial Code (TCC), procedural laws, and sector-specific regulations.

As Finlexia Turkish Accounting Firm, a full-service company formation and governance firm based in Istanbul, we have been advising multinational and local businesses since 2017. Our trial attorneys team provides a comprehensive overview of corporate litigation in Türkiye, highlighting risks, procedures, and best practices for protecting corporate interests.

What Is Corporate Litigation in Türkiye?

Corporate litigation refers to legal disputes arising from corporate relationships, governance structures, commercial contracts, shareholder rights, and company transactions. These disputes are typically heard before Turkish Commercial Courts of First Instance, which have exclusive jurisdiction over commercial matters.

Common characteristics of corporate litigation in Türkiye include:

• Mandatory procedural formalities
• Strict evidentiary rules
• Court-appointed expert examinations
• Statutory limitation periods
• Interim injunctions and precautionary measures

Effective litigation management requires a strong understanding of both substantive corporate law and Turkish civil procedure.

Key Legal Framework Governing Corporate Litigation

Corporate disputes in Türkiye are primarily regulated by:

• Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102
• Turkish Code of Obligations
• Civil Procedure Code No. 6100
• Execution and Bankruptcy Law
• Relevant secondary legislation and court precedents

These laws govern company establishment, management, shareholder relations, commercial contracts, mergers, restructurings, and dissolution processes.

Companies that have not structured their operations correctly during the company formation stage are significantly more exposed to litigation risks later.

Most Common Types of Corporate Litigation in Türkiye

1. Shareholder Disputes

Shareholder conflicts are among the most frequent corporate lawsuits in Türkiye. Typical claims include:

• Annulment of general assembly resolutions
• Shareholder oppression and exclusion claims
• Dividend disputes
• Share transfer restrictions
• Breach of shareholders’ agreements

Minority shareholder rights are strongly protected under Turkish law, making governance compliance essential.

2. Director and Board Liability Lawsuits

Company directors and board members may face personal liability for:

• Breach of fiduciary duties
• Mismanagement or negligence
• Unlawful transactions
• Failure to file for bankruptcy in due time

Courts assess director conduct based on duty of care and loyalty principles, which are closely linked to effective corporate governance structures.

3. Commercial Contract Disputes

Disputes arising from poorly drafted or improperly executed commercial agreements remain a major source of litigation. These cases often involve:

• Breach of contract
• Non-payment or delayed payment
• Termination disputes
• Penalty clauses and damages

Strategic contract drafting significantly reduces the likelihood and financial impact of litigation.

4. Unfair Competition and Trade Secret Claims

Turkish law provides strong remedies against unfair competition, including:

• Misuse of confidential information
• Employee poaching
• Imitation of products or branding
• Misleading commercial practices

Courts may grant injunctions, damages, and publication of judgments to restore market fairness.

5. M&A-Related Litigation

Post-transaction disputes following mergers and acquisitions often involve:

• Breach of representations and warranties
• Hidden liabilities
• Share valuation disagreements
• Earn-out disputes

Litigation risk increases when due diligence, disclosure, or transaction documentation is inadequate.

6. Insolvency and Liquidation Disputes

Companies facing financial distress may become involved in litigation related to:

• Creditor claims
• Director liability during insolvency
• Asset clawback actions
• Disputes during company liquidation

Early legal intervention is critical to protect shareholders and management from personal exposure.

Litigation Process Before Turkish Commercial Courts

Pre-Litigation Considerations

Before filing a lawsuit, companies should assess:

• Jurisdiction and venue
• Statute of limitations
• Mandatory mediation requirements (applicable to many commercial disputes)
• Availability of interim relief

Mandatory mediation has become a crucial procedural step in commercial litigation, often resolving disputes faster and at lower cost.

Court Proceedings and Evidence

Corporate litigation in Türkiye relies heavily on written evidence. Courts may appoint independent experts to analyze:

• Accounting records
• Financial transactions
• Corporate documents
• Technical or industry-specific issues

Well-organized corporate records and compliance documentation significantly strengthen a company’s litigation position.

Interim Measures and Injunctions

Courts may grant precautionary measures such as:

• Freezing assets
• Suspending general assembly resolutions
• Preventing share transfers
• Protecting trade secrets

These measures can be decisive in high-stakes corporate disputes.

Appeals and Enforcement

Decisions of Commercial Courts may be appealed to Regional Courts of Justice and, in certain cases, to the Court of Cassation. Final judgments are enforceable through execution proceedings under Turkish law.

Litigation Risk Management for Companies in Türkiye

Proactive litigation avoidance is as important as courtroom advocacy. Best practices include:

• Strong corporate documentation
• Clear shareholder agreements
• Regular compliance audits
• Board training on legal duties
• Early dispute resolution strategies

Companies that integrate litigation awareness into their governance framework experience fewer disputes and better outcomes when conflicts arise.

Why Legal Representation Matters in Corporate Litigation

Corporate litigation in Türkiye is procedural, document-intensive, and precedent-driven. Without experienced counsel, companies face:

• Procedural dismissals
• Evidence deficiencies
• Missed deadlines
• Personal liability risks for directors

Working with an accounting firm that combines corporate advisory services with litigation expertise ensures both preventive protection and effective dispute resolution.

At Finlexia Turkish Accounting Firm, our dedicated corporate litigation practice provides end-to-end support, from risk assessment and mediation to court representation and enforcement.

Strategic Litigation as a Corporate Asset

In 2026, corporate litigation in Türkiye is no longer merely reactive—it is a strategic component of corporate risk management. Companies that understand the legal landscape, structure their operations correctly, and act decisively in disputes protect not only their assets but also their reputation and long-term sustainability.

Whether you are managing shareholder relations, enforcing contractual rights, or navigating insolvency-related disputes, informed legal strategy makes the difference.

Contact us for Corporate Litigation in Türkiye

Are you facing a corporate dispute in Türkiye or concerned about potential litigation risks? Finlexia Turkish Accounting Firm brings over three years of excellence in Turkish corporate litigation and commercial law. Our experienced multilingual attorneys in Istanbul provide comprehensive legal solutions tailored to your specific business needs.

We understand that every corporate litigation matter carries significant business implications. Our strategic approach combines aggressive legal advocacy with practical business judgment to protect your interests and achieve optimal results. From pre-litigation strategy through trial, appeals, and enforcement, we guide you through every stage of the process.

Contact Finlexia Turkish Accounting Firm today for a confidential consultation about your corporate litigation needs. Let our proven expertise and commitment to client success work for you in navigating Türkiye’s complex legal landscape.